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Engineered cementitious composite
Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called bendable concrete, is an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random fibers, usually polymer fibers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.engineeredcomposites.com/html/introduction.html )〕 Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a strain capacity in the range of 3–7%,〔 compared to 0.1% for ordinary portland cement (OPC). ECC therefore acts more like a ductile metal than a brittle glass (as does OPC concrete), leading to a wide variety of applications.
==Development==
ECC, unlike common fiber reinforced concrete, is a family of micromechanically designed material.〔V.C. Li: ''From mechanics to structural engineering - The design of cementitious composites for civil engineering applications'' Structural Engineering/Earthquake Engineering (1993) 10:37s-48s〕 〔Li, M., and Li, V. C., “Rheology, Fiber Dispersion, and Robust Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites, “ Materials and Structures, 46 (3): 405-420, 2012. 〕 As long as a cementitious material is designed/developed based on micromechanics and fracture mechanics theory to feature large tensile ductility, it can be called an ECC. Therefore, ECC is not a fixed material design, but a broad range of topics under different stages of research, development, and implementations. The ECC material family is expanding. The development of an individual mix design of ECC requires special efforts by systematically engineering of the material at nano-, micro-, macro- and composite scales.
ECC looks similar to ordinary portland cement-based concrete, except that it can deform (or bend) under strain.〔 A number of research groups are developing ECC science, including those at the University of Michigan, University of Houston, Delft University of Technology, the University of Tokyo, the Czech Technical University, and Stanford University. Traditional concrete’s lack of durability and failure under strain, both stemming from brittle behavior, have been a pushing factor in the development of ECC.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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